Charity Commission Guidance - What Makes A Good Trustee?

This is what I've learned in 25 years as a charity chairman, board mentor and trustee in 20 simple steps.  Basically, the Charity Commission guidance for trustees (CC3 - The Essential Trustee) on how to be a good trustee, but simpler and much more practical.  Links to the Commission guidance on what makes a good trustee is at the end. 

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GUIDANCE ON BECOMING A CHARITY TRUSTEE

There are 400k charities in the UK and they require a broad range of skills, not just professional ones like accounting and law.  As long as you're at least 16 years old, you can almost certainly become a charity trustee.  Detailed below is what I think makes a good trustee. 

Choose Your Charity Wisely 

With an estimated 400,000 UK charities, you’re spoiled for choice, so choose one whose mission you feel passionate about, and which is most likely to benefit from what you can offer. You’ll be a more effective board member and, not least, you’ll enjoy yourself a lot more.

Join The Charity Team Well

You should be given relevant core documents on joining, such as the governing document, strategic plan, code of conduct, last trustee board minutes and finance report.  If you don’t receive these, ask for them.  Other items you may wish to consider asking for might include the annual Board work plan, conflict of interest policy, trustee contact details/biographies, organisational wiring diagram and annual report. And if an induction programme isn’t offered, ask for that too. At the least, meet the chair and, if you have one, the CEO/manager. Help them to understand what you need from them to be an effective board member and ask them what you can do to support them in return.  

Set Boundaries

Explain what it is you’re good at and enjoy, how much time you will be able to commit to your charity and how flexible you can be with this. And once you’re on board, being involved operationally can be very helpful, particularly if you have specialist knowledge or expertise, but act as a critical friend and do not cut across line management. On those occasions when I’ve been asked what should be done, I’ve said ‘it’s up to the CEO/director, not me, but if this was ultimately brought to my committee as a proposal, what I’d want to know would be a, b and c’. 

WHAT MAKES A GOOD CHARITY TRUSTEE?

Being a trustee should be fun, but it's not a game, because your beneficiaries, staff and other stakeholders will be relying on you to govern the charity well.  To be a good trustee, you don't necessarily need specialist skills, but you do need commitment, generosity of spirit and a willingness to ask questions. 

Charity Trustees Think Strategically

People are often passionate about the services being delivered, which is great, and hearing about the good work being done is always interesting. However, except in very small charities, the trustee Board usually delegates running the charity to the CEO/manager and his/her team, so avoid discussion becoming embroiled in interesting, but operational detail – focus on the big picture. 

If your Board meets quarterly for 3 hours, that gives you a total of 12 hours a year in which to do everything; use that time wisely.  An if you're not doing it, whio is? 

Charity Trustees Keep Up-to-Date

Ask for details of the charity’s social media platforms (eg Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Instagram), and sign up for the e-mail newsletter, as these are very simple ways to keep up-to-date. Try and find time to attend at least some events.

Charity Trustees Advocate For Their Charity

Promote your charity's work. If you can do so actively, using your own networks, that’s great. Even if not, make sure you like and repost their social media into your own network.

Charity Trustees Support Their Charity's Fundraising

Advocate for the Board getting fully behind the CEO in creating a culture in which everyone has a role to play in this. The Charity Commission, quite rightly, makes clear that fundraising is a trustee board responsibility, so make sure you're up to speed on the guidance issued: CC20 is a good starting point.  Here's a guide to that, plus 20 fundraising ideas you can use with your own trustees. 

Charity Trustees Prepare For Board Meetings

Make notes on any points you wish to raise and notify the CEO/Chair in advance of anything you might wish to raise under ‘Any Other Business’, or at least do so at the beginning of the meeting. Reading the papers in advance, arriving in good time and only missing meetings in exceptional circumstances go without saying.    

Charity Trustees Don't Have a Personal Agenda

Having expertise in a particular area or a passion for a specific issue is welcome and helpful, insofar as this informs the Board’s work. However, unreasonably pushing an agenda on behalf of another organisation or yourself isn’t.   

Charity Trustees Speak Up Wisely

Positively challenge the CEO and fellow board members. If they’ve missed something, this’ll help improve the plan and, if not, everyone can be more confident it’ll work. Never state your opinion as fact and don’t make assumptions that are not substantiated by the evidence available. Be willing to challenge anyone who does or who is pushing a personal agenda. Ask open questions, such as what, how, when or who, as this helps people think through issues without being critical. For example, that’s a great idea x, but how will we fund it and what are the risks? Try to avoid why, as that can come across as critical, even when it isn’t meant to be. 

Charity Trustees Ask the Questions that Need to Be Asked

If there’s an elephant in the room, pointing it out certainly won’t make you popular. However, you have a responsibility to act in the best interests of the charity and it may well be that there are others in the room who want to, but don’t feel able to. If you feel that you need to do so, raise it with the chair beforehand, if at all possible. Focussing on the problem and the future solution, rather than individuals and what they did (or didn’t do) can also help make this less challenging for everyone. You can find a list of key questions here.

Charity Trustees Are Action Focussed

If something has been discussed time and time again, but never resolved, be prepared to ask what it is that is preventing us from doing so. And don't be fobbed off by platitudes – ‘We’re wholly committed to promoting diversity’. Base the conversation around the facts and what specific action will be taken by when. For example, ‘I share your commitment and having a diverse board will make us more effective, so as everyone in the room is white, male and over 50, let’s discuss what steps are we going to take to ensure we become a more diverse board within the next 6 months and what targets should we set ourselves’.

Charity Trustees Don't Blame People

Holding the CEO to account is a key role of the Board and may require asking challenging questions. However, don’t blame her/him (or anyone else) for problems that are genuinely outside his/her control and which could not reasonably have been prevented. Particularly, if the Board hasn't exactly covered itself in glory either.

Act Collectively As A Trustee Board

Trustees having differing points of view is good in a debate but, once a decision has been made, the Board must act collectively and everyone support it. You may be right that it isn’t the best decision, but continuing to oppose it will send conflicting messages to the team and undermine confidence, which would make the outcome even worse. Besides, it just might be you who’s wrong. 

Trustees Value Each Other

If someone holds a different opinion to yourself, recognise their right to do so and your right as well. If there are board members who are very young, very old, beneficiaries or whatever, their contribution won’t be the same as the lawyers, finance and business people, but always remember that’s different, not less than. 

And Support Each Other

If you think that someone is having difficulty following an item, ask the presenter to explain it for you and, if they aren’t contributing to discussion, make a point of asking them for their thoughts. 

Good Trustees Share Their Own Skills/Experience

If you have particular relevant expertise, be willing to share that with others. Even better, be prepared to offer to act as a mentor for a new board member who doesn’t yet have your experience. 

Develop Your Trustee Skills/Experience

Even if you’re a high flying corporate professional, you will almost certainly need to adjust your approach to working in a different culture and scale of organisation, or you won’t know the community you serve all that well, or you may have to learn about SORP, public benefit, the Charities Act, Trustees Act, etc. Money is usually tight, but there are regular charity e bulletins and social media groups that cost nothing to sign up for, and there are often low cost or even free breakfast briefings and seminars.  This CEF resource gives you lots of ideas and links to free support and training.      

Say Thank You

That’s not about always thanking everyone for everything, because that’s an empty gesture, but rather actively recognising good work when you see it. Be specific about what’s good. Not ‘that was great’, but rather ‘thank you, I appreciate just how hard the CEO and fundraising team worked in turning our ambitious idea into a practical plan that exceeded our expectations’. And it’s often the junior staff and/or those doing essential, but less exciting jobs who are least frequently thanked, so seek them out.  

And Apologise

Be slow to take offence and quick to apologise, always.

CHARITY COMMISSION GUIDANCE

The Commission publishes a range of guidance for charity trustees, including CC3 (The Essential Trustee - What's Involved) and its 5 min guides for trustees.  You'll find links to all of these here. 

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